Why is genetic variation important in populations that reproduce sexually?

Genetic variation is crucial in populations that reproduce sexually because it enhances adaptability to changing environments. This diversity in genetic makeup allows individuals within a population to possess different traits or phenotypes that can be advantageous under varying conditions. For instance, when environmental pressures such as climate change, availability of resources, or the emergence of diseases occur, individuals with traits that confer an advantage are more likely to survive and reproduce. This leads to a more resilient population capable of evolving over generations.

In contrast, populations with little genetic variation may struggle to adapt, as they have a limited range of traits to draw on. This lack of diversity can make a population more vulnerable to extinction, especially when faced with rapid environmental changes or new threats. Therefore, genetic variation is a key factor in natural selection and plays a significant role in the evolutionary process.