What is a mutation in genetics?

A mutation in genetics refers to a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits. This change can occur in several ways, including substitutions, deletions, or insertions of nucleotides in the DNA sequence. Because DNA carries the genetic information that determines the characteristics of an organism, any alteration in the DNA can potentially lead to changes in how traits are expressed.

Mutations can have various effects on an organism, ranging from neutral to beneficial or even harmful. For example, some mutations may result in a new trait that provides an advantage in a particular environment, while others may cause genetic disorders or diseases. This ability of mutations to introduce diversity is a fundamental process in evolution, allowing populations to adapt to changing conditions over time.

Understanding mutations is critical in the study of genetics, as they are the source of genetic variation upon which natural selection acts, shaping the evolution and adaptation of species.